effects of coupling on turbulent gas-particle boundary layer flows at borderline volume fractions using kinetic theory

this study is concerned with the prediction of particles’ velocity in a dilute turbulent gas-solidboundary layer flow using a fully eulerian two-fluid model. the closures required for equationsdescribing the particulate phase are derived from the kinetic theory of granular flows. gas phaseturbulence is modeled by one-equation model and solid phase turbulence by mlh theory. resultsof one-way and two-way coupled approaches are compared with the available experimental andnumerical results. results show that one-way coupled approach is more efficient for particulatevelocity prediction in dilute flows. but, if the gas-phase flow characteristics are desired, the twowaycoupled approach should be used. effects of free stream velocity on the coupling arediscussed.